The “Gatekeeper” of the Immune System: The Thyroid
Dr. Derya Güneş, an Internal Medicine specialist at Private ENTO Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgical Medical Center, emphasized the critical relationship between the thyroid gland and the immune system, providing insights into chronic thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s disease).
Dr. Güneş stated that Hashimoto’s disease can occur at any age, is more common in women than in men, and that genetic factors play a significant role. She noted that the thyroid gland is one of the first organs encountered by immune cells:
“When a dysfunction occurs in the immune system, it often first manifests in the thyroid gland. As immune cells mistakenly identify the body’s own tissue as foreign, structural damage and deterioration may occur in the thyroid. Diagnosis is made when the normally homogeneous structure of the thyroid appears heterogeneous on ultrasound, along with elevated thyroid antibodies in the blood. This condition is referred to as chronic thyroiditis, or Hashimoto’s disease.”
Hormonal Balance Affects Everything
Reminding that the thyroid is a hormone-producing organ, Dr. Güneş explained that the disease can affect hormone production in different ways:
“In most cases, hormone production decreases, while in some patients it may increase or remain normal. In cases of insufficient hormone production, thyroid hormone replacement therapy may be administered. This treatment requires regular monitoring, as thyroid hormones directly influence metabolism, the nervous system, cardiovascular health, and overall body function.”
Regular Check-Ups Are Essential
Emphasizing lifelong monitoring, Dr. Güneş said:
“Even if hormone levels are normal, follow-ups should not be neglected. If the underlying immune dysfunction is not addressed, patients may become more susceptible to other diseases.”
She also highlighted the importance of evaluating factors such as gut microbiota, toxin load, and insulin resistance during the process.
Vitamin and Mineral Support
Dr. Güneş noted the importance of certain vitamins and minerals:
“Particularly B vitamins, vitamins D and C, as well as selenium and iodine levels should be monitored. In cases of deficiency, supplementation can help support immune recovery.”
She also stated that with proper treatment, thyroid antibody levels can decrease over time, reducing damage. Regarding medication dosage:
“Daily doses above 75 micrograms usually indicate more extensive gland damage. Lower doses suggest recovery of thyroid function, and in some cases, medication can be completely discontinued.”
